Client
All patients presented to Emergency Department with acute illness
Adult Unit: patients of 12 years old and above will be directed to the Adult emergency Unit
Pediatric Unit: patients under 12 years of age will be directed to pediatric emergency Unit
All patients with risk to life, sight or limb are treated in the DEM, regardless of eligibility status.
All patients needs transfer from/to the hospital
Residents
Students
Supplier
Clinical Support services
Laboratory Services
Diagnostic  Medical Imaging
Medical Records
All hospital’s departments’
Nutrition
Medical supplies
IT
Hours of Operation
General Policies:
24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Shifts should be scheduled, whenever possible, in a manner consistent with circadian principles. For most settings, scheduling isolated night shifts or relatively long sequences of night shifts is recommended.
Avoid long shifts, whenever possible. Shifts should not last more than twelve hours. Schedulers should take into consideration the total number of hours worked by each MD and the intervals of time off between shifts.
The minimum numbers of hours during the off time between the shifts are 24.
Rotating shifts in a clockwise manner (day to evening to night) is preferred. This applies even when there are intervening days off.
Night shift workers' schedules must be designed carefully to provide for anchor sleep periods.
Groups should consider various incentives to compensate those working predominantly night and afternoon shifts.
Schedules for emergency staff should take into account factors such as DEM volume, patient acuity levels, and individual physician's age.
Physicians 
General Policies:
Number of the physicians per shift will be determined by the expected number of patients to keep the ratio at least 2-3 patients to be seen per physician per hour.
The physicians work 8 hours shifts.
DEM is staffed with educated and qualified emergency care professionals.
All working hours of operation are supervised by the team leader.
Junior residents, interns, and medical students will function under supervision at all times, and will review management plans with the DEM team leader.
At shift change, all outgoing and incoming DEM team members including charge nurses will have a formal hand over report of all patients in the DEM, inpatient bed availability, and any expected arrivals.
All physicians who staff the DEM should be subject to the hospital’s credentialing process.
All Emergency physicians should have signed their privileges, responsibilities and the job descriptions.
Chairman
The chairman of the Emergency Department and the medical director shall direct the medical care provided in the DEM.
The chairman of the Emergency Department should:
Be certified in Emergency Medicine or Pediatric Emergency Medicine by a board recognized and accredited by the Saudi Commission of Health Specialties.
Possess competence in management and administration of the clinical services in  DEM